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Table of Contents
Tobacco Control: Australia's Role

Transcript of Witness Seminar

Introduction

Building the case for tobacco control

Producing, and Responding to, the Evidence

Campaigning for Tobacco Control

Economic Initiatives in Tobacco Control

The Radical Wing of Tobacco Control

Revolutionary Road

Tobacco Industry Strategies and Responses to Them

Campaign Evaluation

Managing Difficulties in Light of Community Consensus

Radical Wing Again

The Process of Political Change

Tobacco Campaigns Up Close

A Speedier Pace of Change

Political Needs and Campaign Strategies

Litigation and its Impacts

Insights from Tobacco Control

Tobacco Control in Australia in International Perspective

Appendix 1: Statement by Anne Jones

Index
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The Development of Tobacco Control: Australia's Role - Endnotes

1. Lyn Roberts AO PhD, (b. 1954), worked as a research-oriented applied scientist before becoming involved in tobacco control. She was the South Australian Executive Officer of Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) Australia, 1987-89; coordinated the South Australian Smoking and Health Project (Quit SA), 1989-98; and managed the Anti-Cancer Foundation of SA’s Cancer Prevention and Education program during the same period. She was a member of the Ministerial Tobacco Advisory Group (MTAG), 1997-99 and a member of the National Expert Advisory Committee on Tobacco (NEACT), 1999-2004. Her experiences in public health policy roles equipped her for positions as Director, Health Development and Delivery, National Heart Foundation of Australia (1998-2001) and later NHF CEO, 2001-13. She was also a member of the World Heart Federation Board (2006-2012) and Vice-President of the World Heart Federation, 2009-10. Since 2014 she has been a Principal Adviser to VicHealth. [Return to page 127]

2. Jerril Rechter has been VicHealth’s CEO since 2011. She has extensive experience in leadership across the areas of government and not-for-profit sectors and was CEO of Leadership Victoria. She is a World Health Organisation Advisor, a board member of the International Network of Health Promotion Foundations and a member of numerous Victorian Government Committees. A dancer by profession, Jerril was a board member of VicHealth from 2004 to 2010. [Return to page 127]

3. VicHealth: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, established 1987. [Return to page 127]

4. Hon John Cain LLB, (b. 1931), trained as a lawyer before entering the Victorian Parliament in 1976. He was Premier of Victoria, 1982-90, a period which included major tobacco control policy and legislation, and innovations in mass media anti-smoking campaigns. [Return to page 127]

5. Hon Tom Roper, (b. 1945), spent more than 20 years in the Victorian Parliament and during that time was a Shadow Minister for Health as well as Health Minister, Treasurer, Minister for Consumer Affairs, Minister for Transport, and more. He retired from politics in 1994 and subsequently worked in New York, Ottawa and London with the Climate Institute. [Return to page 127]

6. Ann Westmore PhD, (b. 1953), is a science graduate, writer and PhD in history and philosophy of science from the University of Melbourne. She has contributed many articles to Victorian Cancer News and is the author of Gaining Ground Against Cancer (Melbourne, The Cancer Council Victoria, 2005) During the past decade she has conducted numerous Witness to the History of Australian Medicine Seminars. [Return to page 127]

7. One of the first major papers suggesting a link between smoking and cancer was published in Germany in 1939. See Müller FH, ‘Tabakmissbrauch und Lungencarcinom. Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung’, 49 (1939), 57-85. [Return to page 128]

8. Mike Daube AO worked on tobacco control in the UK, 1973-79, as the first full-time director of Action on Smoking and Health (ASH). From 1979 to 1984 he was senior lecturer in health education at Edinburgh University. In 1984 he joined the Western Australian government, and during the following 21 years he held a number of posts including WA Director General of Health (2001-05). Since 2005 he has been Professor of Health Policy at Curtin University where he is Director of the Public Health Advocacy Institute and the McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth. During his career he has advised governments and health organisations in Australia and internationally about tobacco control, including WHO and UICC and was Deputy Chair of the Australian Government’s National Preventative Health Taskforce and Chair of the Tobacco Expert Committee. In 2011 he was awarded the American Cancer Society’s prestigious Luther Terry Award for his work on tobacco control. [Return to page 128]

9. David Hill AO PhD (b. 1942) joined the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria in 1965 and served as Deputy Director of the ACCV, 1971-2001, and Director, 2002-11. He worked in various roles including education officer while studying psychology at the University of Melbourne. After gaining his PhD in 1985 he was appointed inaugural Director of the Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer which fostered wide-ranging research on tobacco control. Much of this behavioural research was used in tobacco control campaigns locally, as well as internationally through his many roles with the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), over which he presided, 2008-10. He was also an adviser to the Federal government on tobacco control from 1997 to 2004, chairing the Federal Health Minister’s Ministerial Tobacco Advisory Group and overseeing implementation of the National Tobacco Campaign. He also chaired the National Expert Advisory Committee on Tobacco which generated two National Tobacco Strategies. [Return to page 128]

10. R Doll and A B Hill, ‘Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report’, British Medical Journal, 2 (1950), pp 739-748. [Return to page 129]

11. Ernest Wynder and Evarts Graham, ‘Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma: A study of 684 Proved Cases’, JAMA, 143 (1950), pp 329-336. [Return to page 129]

12. Royal College of Physicians of London, Smoking and health: report of the Royal College of Physicians of London on smoking in relation to cancer of the lung and other diseases, London, Pitman Medical Publishing, 1962. It recommended restrictions on the sale of cigarettes and smoking in public places and increased tobacco taxation. [Return to page 129]

13. US Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health, Smoking and health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, Washington, US Department of Health Education and Welfare, 1964. [Return to page 129]

14. In 1970 Charles Fletcher and Dan Horn prepared a report titled The Limitation of Smoking for the Director-General of the World Health Organisation (WHO). As a result, WHO banned smoking at meetings and strongly affirmed the health hazards of tobacco. [Return to page 129]

15. Nigel Gray AO MBBS (1928-2014) was a University of Melbourne medical graduate (1953) who joined the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria as its Director in 1968 (until 1995). He galvanised cancer societies worldwide in anti-smoking activities through his work for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), serving in many roles including its President, 1990-94. In 2000, the American Cancer Society awarded him its prestigious Luther Terry Award. Always keen to recognise the ‘unsung heroes of tobacco control’, in 2005 the Nigel Gray Award for Achievement in Tobacco Control in the Oceania Region was established in his honour. [Return to page 129]

16. UICC: Union for International Cancer Control. [Return to page 129]

17. The UICC report, Guidelines for Smoking Control, which formed the basis of the program, was published in 1976. [Return to page 129]

18. Sir Austin Bradford Hill Kt FRS, (1897-1991) was a British epidemiologist who worked closely with Richard Doll on research linking smoking with cancer and other serious diseases. A leading medical statistician, he was a pioneer of randomised clinical trials. [Return to page 129]

19. Sir Richard Doll Kt OBE FRS (1912-2005) was a British doctor, physiologist and epidemiologist who collaborated with AB Hill to link tobacco smoking and lung cancer. During his long career, the impact of lifestyle on health was one of his major areas of study. [Return to page 129]

20. Bruce Armstrong AM MBBS DPhil, (b. 1944) has made important contributions to understanding the causes and control of several cancers, high blood pressure and heart disease. Career highlights include Director of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (1994-1996) and senior positions at the University of WA, Cancer Council NSW, the University of Newcastle, Sydney Cancer Centre and Australian National University. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Public Health at the University of Sydney. [Return to page 129]

21. D’Arcy Holman AM MBBS LLB PhD (b. 1955) is a West Australian epidemiologist, public health physician and law graduate. Highlights of his 40-plus year career include Director of the University of Western Australia’s (UWA’s) Health Promotion Development and Evaluation program, Department of Public Health, and Management (1992-94) and Director of Epidemiology for the WA Health Department (1984-88). He retired as UWA’s first professor of public health in 2014, after holding the position since 1994. [Return to page 129]

22. Konrad Jamrozic MBBS D Phil (1955-2010) was a clinician, epidemiologist and public health advocate. He studied medicine in Adelaide and Hobart before completing a doctoral thesis at Oxford University on strategies for promoting smoking cessation in general practice (1982). In 1984 he undertook a research fellowship in epidemiology at the University of Western Australia and was promoted to Professor of Public Health in 2000. During the following four years he worked at Imperial College, London, followed by senior positions in organisations including the Universities of Queensland and Adelaide. In 2009 he received the Nigel Gray Award for his outstanding contribution to tobacco control. [Return to page 129]

23. Simon Fenton Chapman AO PhD (b. 1951) has worked for more than three decades as a researcher, commentator and activist in the areas of tobacco control, media coverage of health and illness, and risk communication. He was on the board of Action on Smoking and Health, 1996-2013, and of Cancer Council NSW from 1997-2006, and chaired the Australian Consumers’ Association, 1999-2002. He has won numerous awards for policy development and leadership in the tobacco area. [Return to page 129]

24. Garry Egger AM PhD, (b. 1947) worked in health promotion with the NSW Health Department, 1972 to 1980. In the 1990s he started working on obesity, and continues to work in this area of public health promotion. [Return to page 130]

25. Labor Party representative, Hon Fred Daly AO, (1912-1995) was Minister for Administrative Services in the Whitlam government. [Return to page 130]

26. See G Egger, W Fitzgerald et al, ‘Results of large scale media antismoking campaign in Australia: North Coast “Quit for Life” programme’, British Medical Journal, 287 (1983), pp 1125-8. [Return to page 130]

27. R Walker, Under Fire. A History of Tobacco Smoking in Australia(Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1984). [Return to page 130]

28. Ian Tyrrell, Deadly Enemies: Tobacco and Its Opponents in Australia (Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999). [Return to page 130]

29. William Cotter ‘Cotter’ Harvey CBE MBBS, (1897-1981) was a thoracic physician and anti-smoking advocate who helped establish the Australian Council on Smoking and Health c.1965. [Return to page 130]

30. The Australian Council on Smoking and Health (ACOSH) is an independent, non-government, not for profit coalition of prominent West Australian health, education, community, social service and research bodies with a shared concern about smoking and health. Originally formed in NSW, the national direction of ACOSH was passed to WA in 1978. [Return to page 130]

31. Liberal Party representative, Hon Robert Askin GCMG, (1907-1981) was Premier of NSW, 1965-1975. [Return to page 130]

32. Tofler, A and Chapman, S, ‘”Some convincing arguments to pass back to nervous customers”: the role of the tobacco retailer in the Australian tobacco industry’s smoker reassurance campaign, 1950-1978’, Tobacco Control, 12 (supl 3), 2003, iii7-iii12. [Return to page 130]

33. Liberal Party representative, Hon John Malcolm Fraser AC CH GCL (1930-2015) was Prime Minister of Australia, 1975-1983. [Return to page 131]

34. Labor Party representative, Hon Edward Gough ‘Gough’ Whitlam AC QC ,(1916-2014) was Prime Minister of Australia 1972-1975. [Return to page 131]

35. Paul Grogan BA Hons is Director, Public Policy and Advocacy, with Cancer Council Australia and Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Sydney Medical School (School of Public Health) at the University of Sydney. He joined CCA in 2004 after more than a decade in public affairs with a number of government agencies. [Return to page 131]

36. Much credit has been given to the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria’s satirical TV campaign in gaining public acceptance and political will to ban broadcast advertising of tobacco. The campaign was made possible by Nigel Gray’s recruitment of British TV stars, Warren Mitchell and Miriam Karlin, together with local actor, Fred Parslow, to create a series of TV advertisements which were screened in Melbourne. The one non-satirical advertisement featured Nobel laureate, Sir Macfarlane Burnet. In it, he advocated banning TV advertising of tobacco because it led to children taking up smoking. A number of the scripts for the campaign were written by the then young John Bevins who subsequently moved to Sydney and played an important role in the NSW Quit for Life campaign. [Return to page 131]

37. Kathy Barnsley BA Grad Dip Soc Sci, (b. 1949), is the convenor of Smoke Free Tasmania. From 1996 to 2005 she worked as an officer with the Tasmanian Health Department’s Public and Environmental Health Division, where she helped develop the (Tasmanian) Public Health Act 1997. She has been a member of the National Expert Advisory Committee on Tobacco (1999-2001) and is undertaking a PHD on tobacco and public policy at the University of Tasmania. [Return to page 131]

38. Labor Party representative, Hon Frank Crean BA Bcomm, (1916-2008), was a senior minister, including Federal Treasurer in the Whitlam government of 1972-75 and was Deputy Prime Minister for the last 6 months of the government’s term. [Return to page 131]

39. Labor Party representative, Hon Moses ‘Moss’ Cass MBBS, (b. 1927), was a doctor and environment minister in the Whitlam government. [Return to page 131]

40. Labor Party representative, Hon Douglas ‘Doug’ Everingham AO, (b.1923), was a doctor and Minister for Health in the Whitlam government. [Return to page 131]

41. The 1034 campaign was a road safety campaign in Victoria. [Return to page 131]

42. Linda Stephens, a nurse by training, was an effective public health advocate. [Return to page 132]

43. Phillip Andrew Hedley Adams AO, (b. 1939) had a successful career in advertising, becoming a partner in the Monahan Dayman Adams agency and developing campaigns such as ‘Life. Be in it’ and ‘Slip, Slop, Slap’. He wrote more than 20 books and played an important role in the revival of the Australian film industry during the 1970s. Since 1991 he has presented the ‘Late Night Live’ program on ABC Radio National. [Return to page 132]

44. Hon. Brian James Dixon BCom DipEd, (b.1936), schoolteacher and footballer, was elected to the Victorian Parliament representing the Liberal Party in the seat of St Kilda, 1964-1982. He served as Minister in a number of portfolios, including Youth, Sport and Recreation 1973-1982. [Return to page 132]

45. Harley Stanton, DrPH, is a former scientist in the Tobacco Free Initiative of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. He worked for 30 years in Australia, the Pacific and Asia to advocate for policy and legislation on tobacco control, during the early years of which he was with the Seventh-day Adventist Health Department. [Return to page 132]

46. Michelle Scollo PhD is the senior policy adviser on tobacco control at Cancer Council Victoria. She has worked on major policy initiatives in tax reform and tobacco product regulation, clean air policies and tobacco control for organisations including the Australian Cancer Society and National Heart Foundation. As Director of Quit Victoria (1988-1995) she played a key role in establishing co-operative national arrangements for producing resources and providing services to Quit campaigns across states and territories. Among numerous publications, she co-edited Tobacco in Australia: facts and issues in 2008. [Return to page 132]

47. Harry Beitzel, (b.1927), a former Australian football umpire, sports broadcaster and media personality, umpired Victorian Football League (VFL) matches between 1948 and 1960. [Return to page 132]

48. John Bevins is a former advertising director of Sydney-based company, John Bevins Advertising Pty Ltd, which developed the concept of the ‘Sponge’ ad for the NSW Health Department. The ad first aired in 1979 and showed the build-up of tar inside a smoker’s lungs. His agency was one of the first to refuse tobacco accounts and he played a leading role in developing creative anti-smoking advertising. [Return to page 133]

49. Rohan Greenland BA, (b. 1961) was a ministerial adviser to the ACT Health Minister, 1989-91, and Director of Public Affairs for the Australian Medical Association, 1992-2000. Since 2006 he has been General Manager, Advocacy, for the National Heart Foundation. He has also served as a board member on several health-related non-government organisations including the ACT Health Promotion Foundation (during the 1990s), the ACT Cancer Council (2004-06), and the Asia-Pacific Heart Network (2008-14). [Return to page 133]

50. See Woodward S, ‘Trends in cigarette consumption in Australia’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 1984, 14(4), 405-7. [Return to page 133]

51. Trish Cotter BSc MPH worked with the Victorian Quit Campaign from 1985 to 1999 and spent a year with the Massachusetts Tobacco Control program in 1996. She was also Director of Cancer Prevention for the Cancer Institute NSW for eight years and a consultant to the World Lung Foundation based in New York for nine years. [Return to page 134]

52. Steve Woodward BSc(Hons) followed an honours degree in microbiology at the University of Western Australia with a study of Wittenoom blue asbestos miners. From there he moved to the Cancer Foundation WA to direct the Australian Council on Smoking and Health (ACOSH) from 1981 to 1984. As Director of ASH Australia from 1984 to 1992,he led campaigns for seven private members;’ bills and government bills in federal and state parliaments to ban tobacco advertising, and to increase recurrent government expenditure on programs to reduce smoking, funded by increases in tobacco taxes. He also organised successful initiatives to ban smoking on domestic airlines and in federal government offices, and provided litigation support to several high-profile cases including a successful prosecution of the Tobacco Institute over its misleading and deceptive conduct. He then became Deputy Director of ASH UK from 1993 to 1994, leading campaigns to ban tobacco advertising, which resulted in a pledge by the incoming government to pass legislation. From 1995 to 1999 he worked as a consultant on various Australian tobacco control projects and, in 2000, WHO awarded him its Gold Medal in recognition of his contribution to tobacco. [Return to page 134]

53. SA Health Promotion Foundation, also called Foundation South Australia, was officially known as the SA Sports, Arts and Health Development Trust [Return to page 134]

54. Sir Johannes (‘Joh’) Bjelke-Petersen KCMG, (1911-2005) representing the Country Party/National coalition, was Premier of Queensland, 1968-87. [Return to page 134]

55. Hon. Michael John (‘Mike’) Ahern AO BAgSci, (b.1942) is a former Queensland National Party politician and Premier of Queensland 1987-1989. [Return to page 134]

56. Alan Inglis was Advocacy Manager for the Queensland Cancer Fund for many years. [Return to page 135]

57. Graeme Brien AM was Executive Director of the Queensland Cancer Fund, 1988 to 2002. [Return to page 135]

58. B.U.G.A. U.P.: Billboard Utilising Graffitists Against Unhealthy Promotions was inspired by the activities of graphic artist and reformed smoker, Bill Snow. The organisation formed in Sydney in 1979 when phantom sprayers of insurgent messages on outdoor tobacco advertisements identified themselves to each other. [Return to page 136]

59. AMA: Australian Medical Association. [Return to page 136]

60. Medical colleges include the Royal Australian College of Surgeons, Royal Australian College of Physicians, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. [Return to page 136]

61. Paul Hogan AM, (b.1939) is an Australian comedic actor and businessman. He was appointed Australian of the Year in 1985 [Return to page 136]

62. For more information see www.bugaup.org/press.htm and www.bugaup.org/faq.htm [Return to page 136]

63. Phil Rubinstein is a former executive with the J. Walter Thompson advertising company. He coordinated the 1078 ‘Quit for Life’ program that was carried out on the NSW North Coast. [Return to page 136]

64. Edward John (‘John’) Anstee is a former plastic surgeon who practised in Melbourne. [Return to page 136]

65. Benjamin Keith (‘Benny’) Rank KtCMG KStJ MBMS FRCS MRCS FRACS LRCP, (1911-2002) was the first honorary plastic surgeon at the Royal Melbourne Hospital in 1946, and is credited with establishing plastic surgery in Australia. [Return to page 136]

66. Ron Borland PhD is the Nigel Gray Distinguished Fellow in Cancer Prevention at Cancer Council Victoria (since 2004). He is also a Professorial Fellow in the School of Population and Global Health and in the Department of Information Systems at the University of Melbourne. During a career as a research scientist at Cancer Council Victoria since 1986 he has been Deputy Director of the Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer (1986-99) and Co-Director of the VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control (2000-03). [Return to page 137]

67. Dorothy Reading BA is a former Senior Strategic Consultant and former Director of the Cancer Education Unit at Cancer Council Victoria. [Return to page 137]

68. Hon. Robert Allen (‘Rob’) Jolly MEc DipEd, (b.1945) is a former Labor Party politician who was Treasurer of Victoria, 1982-90. [Return to page 137]

69. Maurice Swanson BSc MPH GradDipNutrition&Dietetics GradDipHlthSci is Chief Executive of the National Health Foundation of Australia (WA Division) and the Foundation’s national spokesperson on tobacco control. Previously he was the Director Health Promotion Services, Health Department of WA (1989-1997), which entailed responsibility for the planning, development, delivery and evaluation of statewide health promotion programs and campaigns, including Quit, ‘2 Fruit and 5 Veg’, Drinksafe, ‘Respect Yourself’, ‘Drug Aware’, and Smoke Free WA. He also administered the Tobacco Control Act 1990 WA from 1990-97. With more than 35 years experience in public health, his other roles include former State President of the Public Health Association of Australia; Immediate Past Chair of the Health Advisory Committee, Healthway; and Deputy Chair of the Healthway Board (until December 2011). He is President of the Australian Council on Smoking and Health and past board member of Action on Smoking and Health (Australia). In 2015 he was awarded the Nigel Gray Achievement Award in Tobacco Control. [Return to page 138]

70. Hon. Barry James Hodge was Minister for Health in WA, 1983-85. [Return to page 138]

71. Hon. Robert James (‘Bob) Hawke AC GCL BA LLB, (b.1929) was Prime Minister of Australia and the leader of the Australian Labor Party, 1983-1991. [Return to page 138]

72. Hon. Neville Wran AC CNZM QC, (1926-2014) was Premier of NSW, 1976-86. [Return to page 138]

73. Kate Joel (McAllister) BA, Dip Lib Stud, Bus Law, (b. 1956) worked with the WA Smoking and Health Project in 1984 before becoming inaugural Campaign Director of Quit Victoria (1985). She then worked with the Victorian Health Department’s Health Promotion Unit in 1986. [Return to page 138]

74. Since 1994, the National Tobacco Scoreboard Award has been made to the Australian government (state or federal) that has been the most effective in tobacco control. [Return to page 139]

75. Hon. Laurence John (‘Laurie’) Brereton, (b.1946) represented the Labor Party and was NSW Minister for Health, 1981-84, before joining the Federal Parliament, 1990-2004, and serving as a Cabinet Minister. [Return to page 139]

76. William Whitby AM is a former General Medical Practitioner in Sydney and a pro-smoking advocate. In the 1970s and 1980s he self-published two books that claimed to ‘de-bunk’ links between smoking and health damage. He was recognised with an Australian honour in 1984 for his service to Queensland trade unions. [Return to page 139]

77. June Heffernan is a former reporter who worked on This Day Tonight, an ABC current affairs program that aired between 1967 and 1978. [Return to page 139]

78. The Australian Tobacco Research Foundation was established in 1970 and was fully funded by Australia’s three main tobacco companies. It awarded research grants worth $9.1 million prior to a name change in 1994 to the Smoking and Health Foundation. Over the life of both these bodies it was subject to sustained criticism from the health and medical communities for furthering tobacco industry objectives. For more information see http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/12/suppl3/11138.full [Return to page 139]

79. See Naomi Oreskes and Erik M Conway, Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2010). [Return to page 140]

80. Terry Slevin MPH, (b.1962) is the Education and Research Director of Cancer Council WA (since 1994) and an Adjunct Professor of Public Health at Curtin University. He developed his public health credentials as the Campaign Co-ordinator of Quit For Life in the Hunter Region of NSW (1984-87) and as Campaign Manager of Quit For Life NSW (1990-92). [Return to page 140]

81. Australian Cancer Society (ACS) was the former name of Cancer Council Australia. It was re-named in 1997. [Return to page 140]

82. Elwin George Currow MB BS FRCS FACMA was Chief Executive Officer and General Superintendent of Newcastle Hospital from 1965 to 1986 when he retired. [Return to page 140]

83. Steve Leeder AO FRACP FFPH FAFPHM FRACGP, (b.1941) is an Emeritus Professor of Public Health and Community Medicine at the University of Sydney, where he held the position of Dean of Medicine, 1997-2002. [Return to page 140]

84. John Pierce PhD obtained his Doctorate in communication research from Stanford University. He is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Director of Population Sciences in the Moores Cancer Centre at the University of California, San Diego. [Return to page 141]

85. Terry Dwyer AO MBBS MPH MD is Executive Director of The George Institute for Global Health and a Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Oxford. He was previously Director of the University of Tasmania Menzies Research Institute and the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. [Return to page 141]

86. The Green Book was the nickname for Nigel Gray and Mike Daube (eds), Guidelines for Smoking Control, UICC Technical Report series (Geneva: UICC, 1970). [Return to page 141]

87. Meredith Carter LLB was a member of the health policy unit of the Victorian Health Department. She worked closely with the office of the Health Minister, David White. She was also Executive Director of the Health Issues Centre from 1992 to 2002. [Return to page 142]

88. Movie icon, Yul Brynner, made the advertisement for the American Cancer Society after he was diagnosed with lung cancer. [Return to page 142]

89. Ian Taylor, represented Labor as Member of the WA seat of Kalgoorlie, 1981-96. He was WA Minister for health, 1986-88. [Return to page 142]

90. Australian Federation of Cancer Organisations (AFCO) versus Tobacco Institute of Australia (TIO). See R Everingham and S Woodward (eds), Tobacco Litigation – AFCO v TIA. The Case Against Passive Smoking (Sydney: Legal Books, 1991). [Return to page 143]

91. Mike Pertschuk BA LLD JD, (b.1933) was Chairman of the US Federal Trade Commission, 1977-81. A public health advocate, he was chief counsel and staff director to the US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. See Mike Pertschuk, Smoke in Their Eyes: Lessons in Movement Leadership from the Tobacco Wars (2001) [Return to page 143]

92. Judy Rassaby BSc(Hons) is a former behavioural science researcher at Cancer Council Victoria. [Return to page 143]

93. Isobel Larcombe MSc is a former Cancer Council Victoria health educator. [Return to page 143]

94. Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) was established in the UK in 1971 under the auspices of the Royal College of Physicians. ASH Australia was established in 1994 and ceased operating in 2013. [Return to page 143]

95. Ruth Shean PhD MEd FAICD FGIA was Executive Director of ACOSH, 1984-89. Subsequently she was CEO of the Cerebral Palsy Association of WA, Director General of the WA Disability Services Commission (1999-2006), and Director General of the WA Department of Training and Workforce Development. [Return to page 143]

96. Kingsley Faulkner AM MBBS FRACS, a Western Australian surgeon, was Chairman of ACOSH (1983-90) and President of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, 2001-03. [Return to page 143]

97. Arthur William ‘Bill’ Musk AM FRACP, a respiratory medicine specialist was President of ACOSH and later, a Clinical Professor at the University of Western Australia. He has researched occupational and environmental lung diseases over many decades. [Return to page 143]

98. Clive Deverall AM, (b.1941) was the CEO of the Cancer Council of WA from 1977 to 2000. [Return to page 143]

99. Noni Walker BSC DipNutrDiet MPH was Director of ACOSH, 1990-95. [Return to page 143]

100. Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Health warnings and contents labelling on tobacco products; Review, research and recommendations prepared for the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy Tobacco Task Force on tobacco health warnings and contents labelling in Australia (Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, 1992). [Return to page 144]

101. MCDS: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy [Return to page 144]

102. Hon. David Ronald White BCom BA MBA, (b.1944) represented Labor as Member for Doutta Galla in the Victorian Parliament, 1976-96. He was Minister for Health, 1985-89. [Return to page 144]

103. Andrew Herington, (b.1952) was an adviser to David White, 1982-85, prior to his appointment as head of the Victorian Health Department’s Tobacco Unit (June-December 1987) with responsibility for developing VicHealth and the Victorian Tobacco Act. He was interim CEO of VicHealth, December 1987-March 1988, during which the organisation’s procedures were established. He is author of Does smoking make cents? An Australian economic study between cigarette pricing, consumption and health costs (Melbourne: Office of Prices, Victoria, 1990). He has served as an adviser to the Cain, Kirner, Bracks, Brumby and Andrews (Victorian) Labor Governments. [Return to page 144]

104. Quit sponsorship of the Fitzroy Football Club extended from the 1987 to the 1995 seasons. [Return to page 144]

105. Hon. Arthur Chesterfield-Evans MBBS, (b. 1950) is a surgeon, politician and peace activist who served as a member of the NSW Legislative Council 1998-2007, representing the Australian Democrats. [Return to page 145]

106. Brian McBride is a former President of Non Smokers’ Movement of Australia. [Return to page 145]

107. MOP UP: Movement Opposed to the Promotion of Unhealthy Products. [Return to page 145]

108. Hon. Ronald Anthony (‘Ron’) Phillips, (b.1949) was NSW Health Minister 1992-95. [Return to page 145]

109. Hon. Robert John (‘Bob’) Carr BA Hons, (b.1947) was a NSW Labor politician who served as NSW Premier (1995-2005) and later in Federal Parliament as a NSW Senator and as Minister for Foreign Affairs, 2012-13. [Return to page 145]

110. Wayne Pearce OAM, (b. 1960) was captain of the Balmain Tigers rugby league club (1982-90) and coach of the club (1994-99). [Return to page 145]

111. Peter Sterling OAM, (b. 1960) played halfback with Parramatta Eels rugby league club (1978-92), scoring 48 tries. He was the Dally M Medal winner in 1986 and 1987. [Return to page 145]

112. Hon. Laurie Brereton, (b. 1946) represented Labor in the NSW Parliament and was NSW Minister for Health, 1981-84. He was then elected to Federal Parliament, 1990-2004, serving as Minister in several portfolios. [Return to page 146]

113. Hon. Neal Blewett AC MA DPhil DipEd, (b.1933) represented Labor in the Federal Parliament, 1977-94. He was Minister for Health, 1983-1990. [Return to page 146]

114. Todd Harper MHealthEc DipHealthProm, (b.1960) is Director of Cancer Council Victoria (since 2011). His career in the human services sector started in Tasmania’s Department of Health and Human Services and as Executive Director of the Tasmanian AIDS Council. He was Director of Quit Victoria, 1999-2007, and CEO of VicHealth, 2007-11. [Return to page 146]

115. John Clemenger Advertising (now called Clemenger Group) started in Melbourne in 1946. [Return to page 146]

116. Hon. Peter Ross-Edwards LLB, (1922-2012) was a Victorian Parliamentarian, 1967-91, and leader of the National Party of Victoria, 1970-88. [Return to page 146]

117. Hon James Alexander (‘Jim’) Bacon AC, (1950-2004) represented Labor in the Tasmanian Parliament and was Premier of Tasmania, 1998-2004. [Return to page 147]

118. Hon Paul Anthony Lennon AO, (b.1955) was Deputy Premier in the Tasmanian Parliament, 1998-2004, and Premier, 2004-08. [Return to page 147]

119. AHA: Australian Hotels Association [Return to page 147]

120. See S D Woodward, M H Winstanley and K A Francis, ‘Health warnings on tobacco advertisements: a case study of failure of voluntary agreements with the tobacco industry’ in Betty Durston and Konrad Jamrozik (eds), Tobacco & Health 1990 – the Global War; Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and Health, 1-5 April 1990 (East Perth, WA: Organising Committee of the Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and Health, 1990), 731-32. [Return to page 148]

121. ‘A Victory for Common Sense’, Victorian Cancer News, 124, Summer 1987/88, pp. 1, 3. The article quotes Nigel Gray extensively and refers to the success of a major campaign of community concern about sponsorship of sport, which was directed at politicians around the time the legislation was discussed in the Victorian Parliament. Shadow Health Minister, Hon. Mark Birrell, said he received more letters and calls (more than a thousand) on this subject than on any other. See also Margaret Winstanley, The Victorian Tobacco Act 1987: the untold story, 1st edition (Melbourne: VicHealth, 2007). [Return to page 148]

122. Hon. John Cornwall BVS, (b.1935) was a Labor representative in the SA Parliament, 1975-88 and Health Minister, 1982-88. [Return to page 148]

123. Barrie Vernon-Roberts AO MD PhD, (1935 -2015) was a distinguished researcher into bone and joint pathology, spinal disease and inflammation, and Director of the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, 1998-2005. [Return to page 148]

124. Hon. Jennifer Cashmore AM, (b.1937) was a Liberal member of the SA Parliament from 1977 to 1993. She was Minister of Health, 1979-82. [Return to page 148]

125. Dick Smith AC, (b.1944) is an Australian entrepreneur, businessman, aviator and political activist who was named Australian of the Year in 1986. [Return to page 148]

126. Bob Ansett, son of aviation entrepreneur, Reg Ansett KBE, started the Budget Rent A Car System in 1965. [Return to page 148]

127. Dean Southwood AM was a SA ear, nose and throat surgeon active in the anti-tobacco movement. [Return to page 148]

128. Peter Wilenski AC, (1939-1944) was a senior Australian public servant and Ambassador. [Return to page 148]

129. Hon. John Bannon AO, (1943-2015) was Premier of South Australia from 1982 to 1992. [Return to page 149]

130. See John Cornwall, Just for the record: the political recollections of John Cornwall (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1989), 113-14. [Return to page 149]

131. Tony McMichael AO MB BS PhD (1942-2014) was a a full-time officer with the National Union of Australian University Students during the 1960s, alongside John Bannon and Tom Roper. These relationships proved useful in the long-term in achieving tobacco control changes. He was later a professor and epidemiologist who was renowned for his pioneering work on climate change and health. In the early 1990s he chaired a working party for the NHMRC that produced a seminal report on second-hand smoke. [Return to page 149]

132. Melanie Wakefield PhD, (b.1959), studied applied psychology at the University of Adelaide. From 1982 to 1986 she worked as a research officer for the SA Health Commission’s Health Promotion Service and from 1987 to 1998 in more senior research roles for its Epidemiology Branch, which included work on tobacco and other health issues. After completing a PhD in community medicine at the University of Adelaide she gained a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Illinois, Chicago. Since 2001 she has worked at Cancer Council Victoria as a VicHealth Senior Research Fellow and then as NHMRC Principal Research Fellow and Director of the Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer (CBRC). In 2012 she was awarded the American Cancer Society’s prestigious Luther Terry Award for outstanding research contributions in tobacco control. [Return to page 149]

133. James C P (‘Jim’) Cowley was the first Director of the SA Health Promotion Services, appointed in April 1980. [Return to page 149]

134. See Wilson, D.H., Wakefield, M.A., Esterman, A. et al, ‘15s: They fit anywhere- especially in a school bag: A survey of purchases of packets of 15 cigarettes by 14 and 15 year olds in South Australia’, Supplement to Community Health Studies 9 (1), 1987, 16-20. [Return to page 149]

135. Bernard V. (‘Bernie’) McKay, (b.c.1939) is a former senior Australian public servant. He was Assistant Director of ACT Health Services (1972-74), Secretary of the NSW Health Department (1982-84), and Secretary of the Federal Health Department (1984-87). [Return to page 149]

136. Ronald Campbell ‘Dick’ Webb AM MBBS (1925-2002) was Commonwealth Director of Health for Victoria, 1968-83. [Return to page 149]

137. Paul Fishlock (b.1960) was the advertising agency creative director of the first National Tobacco Campaign in 1997. He has worked on numerous other tobacco control campaigns since then both for the Federal Government and for non-government organisations, including Quit Victoria and the NSW Cancer Institute. He has been either the co-founder and/or creative director of advertising agencies Brown Melhurish Fishlock (1996-2003), The Campaign Palace (2004-10) and Behaviour Change Parners (since 2011) [Return to page 150]

138. David Celermajer MB BS PhD DSc is the Scandrett Professor of Cardiology at the University of Sydney. [Return to page 150]

139. Mathew Peters MD is a Professor of Respiratory Medicine at Macquarie University Hospital and head of Respiratory Medicine at Concord Hospital. He is also former chair of Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) Australia. [Return to page 150]

140. Jason Boulter MA has worked in a variety of organisations, including the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, Whyte House Entertainment and Globe International and in a variety of research and writing roles [Return to page 150]

141. Carmen Lawrence was Premier of WA, 1990-93, and Federal Health Minister, 1994-96. [Return to page 150]

142. Michael Richard Lewis Wooldridge HonBSc MB BS MBA (b.1956) trained in science and medicine at Monash University before working at the Alfred Hospital and the University of Melbourne. He was deputy leader of the federal Liberal opposition, 1993-94 and Federal Minister for Health and Aged Care, 1996-98. [Return to page 151]

143. MTAG, the Ministerial Tobacco Advisory Group. It was established in 1996 to advise the federal government on future directions in tobacco control and to develop a new anti-smoking campaign. [Return to page 151]

144. NEACT, the National Expert Advisory Committee on Tobacco. It was established by the Department of Health in 1999. [Return to page 151]

145. Maree Davidson AM is a media consultant with a long history of involvement in tobacco control. [Return to page 151]

146. Caroline Miller PhD is executive officer of the South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) and former general manager of Cancer Control at Cancer Council SA. [Return to page 152]

147. Alastair Woodward PhD is head of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Auckland, NZ. [Return to page 153]

148. Neville Owen PhD is head of the Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory at the BakerIDI in Melbourne, an honorary professorial fellow in the School of Population and Global Health at the University of Melbourne and an adjunct professor in the Monash University Department of Medicine. He is also an NHMRC senior principal fellow and an adjunct professor in the School of Population Health at the University of Queensland. [Return to page 154]

149. See Borland, R., Owen, N., and Hocking, B. ‘Changes in smoking behaviour after a total workplace smoking ban’, Australian Journal of Public Health 15(2), 1991, 130-4. [Return to page 154]

150. National Health and Medical Research Council, Effects of Passive Smoking on Health, Report of the NHMRC Working Party on the Effects of Passive Smoking on Health. Adopted at the 101st Session of the Council, June 1986 (Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1987) [Return to page 154]

151. US Department of Health and Human Services, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General (Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Office on Smoking and Health, 1986). [Return to page 154]

152. Creighton Burns was Editor-in-Chief of The Age newspaper, 1981-89. [Return to page 155]

153. Rev Frank Little (1925-2008) was Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, 1974–96. [Return to page 155]

154. Michael Armitage was the Liberal member of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1989-2002, representing the electorate of Adelaide. He was the SA Health Minister, 1993-97. [Return to page 155]

155. Judith Watt BA worked in the area of tobacco control starting in 1988 when she was the first full-time coordinator of the UK’s National No Smoking Day campaign. While Executive Director of Quit Victoria from 1995 to 1999, she was also a member of the Ministerial Tobacco Advisory Group (MTAG), 1996-99. She helped to develop the National Tobacco Campaign, the first co-ordinated media campaign involving all jurisdictions that was subsequently taken up internationally as a model for other campaigns. In 2001 she established the SmokeFree London program and ran campaigns for comprehensive smokefree legislation in the UK. From 2004 to 2009 she undertook a number of Australian and international tobacco control projects as a consultant, including the development of international tobacco control grants programs. [Return to page 155]

156. Kevin Gosper is a former CEO of Shell Oil Company. [Return to page 156]

157. CFCs; Chlorinated Fluoro Carbons used in refrigeration systems. [Return to page 156]

158. Graeme (‘Richo’) Richardson (b.1949) was Environment Minister in the Federal Labor government, 1987-90. [Return to page 156]

159. Anne Jones OAM is a former CEO of Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) Australia (1994-2013) for and more recently was technical adviser in tobacco control at the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and worked in lower middle income countries, particularly in China, the Philippines and Vietnam. [Return to page 157]

160. Kate Purcell is a public health consultant and tobacco control specialist who previously worked for NSW Health (1992-2006). She was also Director of Cancer Prevention at Cancer Institute NSW (2008). [Return to page 157]

161. See Barnsley, K. and Jacobs, M., ‘Tobacco advertising and display of tobacco products at point of sale: Tasmania, Australia’, Tobacco Control, 9 (2), 2000, 230-2. [Return to page 157]

162. Peter McKay (b. 1948) was a member of Tasmania’s Legislative Council, 1976-99, during which time he served as the state’s Minister for Health, 1996-98. [Return to page 157]

163. Mark West, who has worked as a mid-level bureaucrat implementing and leading tobacco control policy for the Queensland Government for 20 years and continues in this role as Director, Health and Wellbeing Policy for the Queensland Department of Health, was a founding member of the Tobacco Policy Officers’ Group (TPOG). He confirms that the group was established during the third year of the National Tobacco Campaign and that ‘strong collaborations formed by the National Tobacco Campaign were a catalyst for mid-level bureaucrats responsible for tobacco control policy to create this group. Margo Goodin of ACT Health championed the establishment of TPOG, with smoke-free legislation a key focus in the early years. TPOG was, and remains, an effective and valuable forum for public servants to share and shape policy and regulatory proposals, and drive tobacco control reform in Australia.’ Mr West adds that during the two decades since 1996, major smoke-free legislation has been enacted and there has been a 50% decline in smoking rates among Queenslanders. [Return to page 158]

164. MCDS: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy. Details of the report are as follows; Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Health warnings and contents labelling on tobacco products. Review, research and recommendations prepared for the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy Tobacco Task Force on tobacco health warnings and contents labelling in Australia (Melbourne: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, 1992). [Return to page 158]

165. See Homan, C.D.J., Corti, B., Donovan, R.J. et al, ‘Tobacco control and health expectancy in Australia’, Tobacco Control, 2, 1993, 195-200. [Return to page 159]

166. In reports for the Department of Health and Ageing, D Collins and H Lapsley estimated the economic costs of tobacco use in Australian society for the years 1988, 1992, 1998-99 and 2004-5. They also estimated the costs of tobacco use in 1998-99 in reports for the Victorian, NSW and WA in reports for Victoria, NSW and WA state governments. See for example, Collins, D. and Lapsley, H., The costs of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug abuse to Australian society in 2004/5 (Canberra: Department of Health and Ageing, 2008) [Return to page 159]

167. See Alchin, Terry Maxwell, Tobacco Taxation in Australia [Sydney: University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1991] and Tobacco taxation in Australia: policy prescriptions [Kingswood, NSW: University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1992] [Return to page 159]

168. 64 Kippax St, Surry Hills in Sydney was the location of the Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), NSW Office. [Return to page 160]

169. Susan Hurley PhD is honorary associate professor in the University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health. She consults in the area of health economics, pharmacoepidemiology and public health policy. See for example Hurley, S.F, Scollo, M.M., Younie, S.J. et al, ‘The potential for tobacco control to reduce PBS costs for smoking-related cardiovascular disease’, Medical Journal of Australia 181(5), 2004, 252. [Return to page 161]

170. Neil Francey and Sue Meeuwisen v Hilton Hotels of Aust Pty Ltd in the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Sydney, 1997 [Return to page 162]

171. Ron Edwards (b.1945) is a former federal politician. He was Labor Member for Stirling, WA, 1983-93. [Return to page 162]

172. In 1998 the Howard Government introduced a requirement for Regulation (or Regulatory) Impact Statements for all significant regulatory policy proposals. [Return to page 162]

173. WHO; World Health Organisation. FCTC: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. WHO member states endorsed the Framework Convention in May, 2003. See Kenji Shibuya, Christine Ciecierski et al, ‘WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Development of Evidence Based Global Public Health Treaty’, BMJ, 2003, 37 (7407), 154-157 [Return to page 163]

174. Carroll v. Melbourne Metropolitan Transit, Victorian Accident Compensation Tribunal, July 1988. See 16.3.2, MM Scollo and MHWinstanley, Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues, 4th edition, Melbourne Cancer Council (Victoria). [Return to page 163]

175. M Cauvin v Philip Morris Limited and Ors [2005] NSWSC 640. Myriam Cauvin v Philip Morris Limited (Acn 004 694 428) and Ors [2006] NSWSC 185. Myriam Cauvin v Philip Morris Limited (Acn 004 694 428) and Philip Morris (Australia) Limited (Acn 004 316 901) and Ors [2003] NSWSC 1225. Myriam Cauvin v Philip Morris Limited (Acn 004 694 428) (Including as representative of the Companies set out in Schedule 1 of the Statement of Claim) and Ors [2003] NSWSC 631. See also Chapter 16, MM Scollo and MHWinstanley, Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues, 4th edition, Melbourne Cancer Council (Victoria). [Return to page 163]

176. Scholem v. NSW Department of Health (1992) 3 APLR 45, NSW District Court, 27 May 1992. See 16.3.2 MM Scollo and MHWinstanley, Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues, 4th edition, Melbourne Cancer Council (Victoria). [Return to page 163]

177. Chris Reynolds LLB PhD is a lawyer with a PhD in public health and the author of 3 books on public health law. He has taught law and public health in South Australia and interstate and has advised the Commonwealth and States on public and environmental health law and policy, including tobacco control. He has been involved in the development of public health law in SA and elsewhere and has also advised the SA Environment Protection Authority. He was a member of the national inquiry into food labelling and, more recently, a member of the SA Controlled Substances Council and the SA Public Health Council. [Return to page 163]

178. ABS: Australian Bureau of Statistics [Return to page 164]

179. John Dollisson was Chief Executive of the Tobacco Institute of Australia, 1983-1987. He then moved to Philip Morris where he was Vice-President of International Corporate Affairs. For his presentation to the Broadcasting Review Board, Hong Kong, in 1985 -6 see http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/td/pzv/19e00 [Return to page 165]

180. Bill Webb is a former CEO of Philip Morris, 1997-2002. [Return to page 165]

181. In 1987 the Chairman of the Public Service Board, Peter Wilenski, introduced bans on smoking in Commonwealth public service office spaces. [Return to page 166]

182. Takeshi Hirayama, ‘Non-Smoking Wives of Heavy Smokers Have a Higher Risk of Lung Cancer: A study from Japan’, British Medical Journal, 1981, 282: 183-185 [Return to page 166]

183. Fran Baum BA PhD is author of The New Public Health published by Oxford University Press (3rd edition, 2008) [Return to page 166]

184. OHS: Occupational Health and Safety [Return to page 167]

185. PIN: A Provisional Improvement Notice is a notice issued to a person requiring them to address a health and safety concern in the workplace. [Return to page 167]

186. ACCC: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. In 2005, following ACCC involvement, the three major Australian tobacco manufacturers agreed not to use terms such as ‘light’ and ‘mild’ with respect to their products. See MM Scollo and MH Winstanley, Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues, Melbourne, Cancer Council Victoria, 2015, section 16.2.1 [Return to page 167]

187. Graham Giles PhD has been Director of the Victorian Cancer Registry since 1983, Director of Cancer Council Victoria’s Cancer Epidemiology Centre since 1986 and Deputy Director of its Cancer Control Research Institute since 2001. [Return to page 167]

188. Hon Jenny Macklin Bec (b. 1953), has been a member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the seat of Jagajaga since 1996. She has served as a Cabinet Minister and Deputy Leader of the Labor Party. [Return to page 167]

189. Peter Worland has served in senior roles in government, community service and health care organisations in the not-for-profit sector, and as Executive Director of Uniting Care NSW-ACT. [Return to page 167]

190. Grattan Institute, established 2008, is an independent think tank dedicated to developing high quality public policy. It is funded and supported by government, business and academia and is dedicated to finding rigorous and practical solutions to pressing Australian problems. [Return to page 167]

191. 7th World Conference on Tobacco and Health: The Global War, 1-5 April 1990, Perth, WA [Return to page 168]

192. As mentioned earlier, the Green Book was the nickname for Nigel Gray and Mike Daube (eds), Guidelines for Smoking Control, one of the UICC Technical Report series. [Return to page 168]

193. Tahir Turk PhD is a mass media technical advisor with the World Lung Foundation, a global partner of the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Global Tobacco Use. [Return to page 168]

194. Stanton Arnold (Stan) Glantz PhD (b.1946) is Professor of Medicine and Director of the Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine. His research focuses on the health effects of tobacco smoking and his tobacco control activism started in 1978 when he lead an unsuccessful campaign to enact a non-smokers’ rights law by popular vote in the US. He has written four books on tobacco-related matters and is a founder of ‘Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights’. [Return to page 168]

195. INWAT: International Network of Women Against Tobacco [Return to page 168]

196. See Beaudoin, C.E., ‘Exploring anti-smoking ads: Appeals, themes and consequences’, Journal of Health Communication, 7, 2002, 123-38. [Return to page 168]

197. Paul Magnus MB BS, trained in medicine at the University of Western Australia before studying epidemiology, especially in relation to heart disease. In 1982 he joined the National Heart Foundation of Australia and was later its Medical Director and deputy national CEO (1990-1997). From 2007 to 2012 he was Medical Adviser to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). [Return to page 168]

198. Ruth Roemer LLB, (1916-2005), was an American lawyer and public health researcher working in the fields of human rights and mental illness, women’s reproductive rights, and international tobacco control policy. A heavy smoker, she finally quit in 1972. In 1992, ahead of her time, she wrote Legislative Action to Combat the World Tobacco Epidemic. She and University of Maryland law professor, Allyn Taylor, outlined the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the world’s first public health treaty, which was ratified in 2003, with 168 countries signing it. [Return to page 168]

199. See ‘The Emerging Tobacco Hazards in China: Results on Early Mortality from a Prospective Study of 224500 Men’ in Rushan Lu, Judith Mackay et al, Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Tobacco or Health: ‘The Growing Epidemic, 24-28 August 1997, Beijing (Springer 2012), 10-13 [Return to page 169]

200. See Colishaw’s and Roemer’s presentations in Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Tobacco or Health: ‘The Growing Epidemic, 24-28 August 1997, Beijing (Springer 2012), [Return to page 169]

201. Andrew Penman AM was CEO of Cancer Council NSW, 1998-2012. [Return to page 170]

202. Jeanie McKenzie is manager of Cancer Institute NSW and adviser non-communicable diseases – tobacco and alcohol, Secretariat of the Pacific Community. She was previously manager of cancer prevention at Cancer Council NSW (1994-2001) and director of cardiovascular health at the National Heart Foundation, 2001-06. [Return to page 170]

203. Marge White co-ordinated BUGA-UP in Melbourne. [Return to page 170]

204. Each year since 1994, the Dirty Ashtray Award has been made jointly by the Australian Medical Association and the Australian Council on Smoking and Health to the State or Territory government in Australia that has put the least effort into tobacco control. In contrast, the National Tobacco Scoreboard Award has gone to the government that has been the most effective. [Return to page 170]

205. James Repace was a physicist who worked at the US Environment Protection Authority and who wrote an report on secondhand smoke in the late 1970s. [Return to page 171]

206. Judy Finn was Director of Cardiovascular Health Programs, Victorian Division of the National Heart Foundation of Australia, 1997-2005. [Return to page 171]

207. Ralph Reader MBBS Dphil, was the first medical director of the National Heart Foundation of Australia (1961-1971) and then its director and CEO until his retirement in 1980. [Return to page 171]

208. The ’Winston man’ was Dave Goelitz. [Return to page 171]

209. Janet Sackman was a former model for Lucky Strike cigarettes and an American throat cancer survivor. In 1994, Quit Victoria aired a campaign featuring her testimony of being induced to smoke by a tobacco executive. [Return to page 171]

210. Jeff Wigand PhD (b. 1942) was a tobacco industry whistleblower who revealed in the 1990s the lengths to which American tobacco companies went to conceal the dangers of smoking. His life story was dramatised in the 1999 film, The Insider. [Return to page 171]

211. Victor de Noble was a Philip Morris scientist [Return to page 171]

212. Kjell Bjartveit MD (1927-2011) studied medicine at the University of Oslo and, in 1965, was appointed to chair a committee set up by the Norwegian government to devise anti-smoking campaigns. He later represented Norway’s Christian Democratic Party and became State Secretary of the Norwegian Ministry of Social Affairs, 1972-1973. He is credited with being the driving force behind the Norwegian Tobacco Act of 1973. After his political career, he was active in public health both in Norway and in a number of international organisations, including WHO and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. In 2000 he shared with Nigel Gray the Luther L Terry Distinguished Career Award for achievements in the field of tobacco control. See Alison Snyder, ‘Obituary Knell Bjartveit’, Lancet, 377, 9778 (14 May 2011), p 1648 [Return to page 171]

213. Judith Longstaff Mackay, SBS OBE FRCP (b. 1943) is a British-born, Hong Kong-based doctor who, since 1984, has lead international tobacco control campaigns, particularly in Asia. Among many examples of international recognition, she has been awarded the Luther Terry Award for Outstanding Individual Leadership, the INWAT Lifetime Achievement Award and the US Surgeon General’s Medallion [Return to page 171]

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